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SOLVED: Let Un = 1 < k < n | 1 = gcd(k,n). These are the elements of Zn that are relatively prime to n. Note: the book denotes this by U(n).
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SOLVED: Definition 13 The sum of all elements, modulo m Em = C a (mod m) Definition 2 The sum of all invertible elements, modulo m = C (mod m) am Definition
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PDF) Average Multiplicative Orders of Elements Modulo n
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